Introduction

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Introduction

Simply speaking, Emei Martial Arts is a collective name of various martial skills with unique characteristics of Sichuan Quan (Fist) including Emei Quan, Emei Sword, Emei Spear, Emei Koushou (Wedging Block), Emei Sanshou (Free Hand) and Emei Training Methods,. The reason for the wide spread of Emei Martial Arts is similar to that of Shaolin and Wudang Martial Arts. Influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and local culture, the three martial arts schools have created many Kung Fu taolu (forms) that vary according to different individuals and places. Chinese Quan is inclusive of many forms, such as Kejia Quan which originated from the integration of local culture with Central Plain Culture. It is necessary to introduce Xing Yi Quan (Shape Will Quan) of Emei Kejia Quan. Xing Yi Quan is one of the best Neijia Quan (Internal School Quan) in China. People always refer to Xing Yi Quan, Tai Ji Quan, Ba Gua Zhang (Eight Diagrams Palm) and Shaolin Quan as the Four Famous Quan in China. The Wudang School regards Xing Yi Quan, Tai Ji Quan, Ba Gua Zhang as Neijia Quan, while Shaolin School calls Xing Yi Quan Xinyi Liuhe Quan or Xinyi Quan, which is an undisclosable quan of Shaolin School. Xing Yi Quan imitates both behaviors of animals and movements of objects. It focuses on not only external changes, but also internal enhancement. with both internal and external cultivation, it is noble for people to practice. Twelve Xing Yi Shapes: The Shi’er Xing Quan (Twelve Shapes Quan) imitates the behaviors of twelve animals including dragon, tiger, monkey, horse, crocodile, chicken, eagle, bear, snake, goshawk and swallow. Five Xing Yi Actions: The Wu Xing Quan (Five Elements Quan) imitates axe chopping firewood, waves chasing after waves, leaving arrows, firing cannonballs, and springs. By imitating the behaviors of 12 animals, the Twelve Shapes Quan is natural, harmonious and contains thousands of postures, which, satisfies people’s demand for interest when doing sport martial arts. As practicing Five Elements Quan could improve the function the internal organs, strengthen the muscles and bones as well as benefit the skin, it is favored by a lot of people. Moreover, as Xing Yi is characterized by aggressive, seemingly linear movements and explosive power, it becomes the favorite of people who loves fighting and Quan. By “refining essence to transmute it into Qi, refining Qi to transmute it into spirit, refining spirit to emptiness”, Xing Yi learns from the nature, and becomes the lofty admiration of martial arts practitioners.

Emei Quan features special and distinct philosophical contrasts between “hardness and softness”, “fastness and slowness”, “motion and stillness”, “void and fullness”, “high and low” and “light and heavy”. When it comes to the theoretical study of Emei Martial Arts, it got its name from Mt. Emei. Some hold the point that from a broad perspective, all martial arts sects in Sichuan and Chongqing belong to Emei Martial Arts, collectively called “Pan-Emei School”; narrowly speaking, martial arts sects that only spread in Emei are called Small Emei School.

Mr. Zou Defa, a Sichuan martial artist, has been studying and practicing Emei Martial Arts for many years. He has many papers on Emei Martial Arts, including A Glimpse of Emei Quan, Introduction to 18 Emei Quan Classes, Collection of Emei Martial Arts, and General Study on Martial Arts, which are very valuable for the theoretical study of Emei Martial Arts.

 

General Study on Martial Arts presents a new understanding of and reclassified Emei Martial Arts. It summarizes over 200 taolu(series) of Emei Quan, which can be generalized into four types, namely, Emei Gao Zhuang Quan (Emei High Stake Fist), Emei Ai Zhuang Quan (Emei Low Stake Fist), Emei Kejia Quan (Emei Guest Frame Fist) and Emei Xiang Xing Quan (Emei Elephant Shape Fist).

Dragon is a totem admired in China since ancient times, with dragon-related culture widely spread in the public. In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Emei Dragon Quan appeared. Gradually, Five Dragons Quan, a dragon-shape Quan of Emei School came into being, including Qing Long Quan (Green Dragon Fist), Pan Long Quan (Winding Dragon Fist), Wu Long Quan (Crow Dragon Fist), Huo Long Quan (Fire Dragon Fist) and Long Xing Quan (Dragon Shape Fist).

Tiger is the king of beasts, holding sway over all animals. Quan masters of all lineages imitated the advantages of tigers’ behaviors, and integrated them into Emei quan. Finally, Emei Wu Hu Quan (Emei Five Tigers Fist) came into being, including Black Tiger Quan, White Tiger Quan, Tiger Claw Quan, Tiger Howling Quan and String Tiger Quan.

There are diverse categories in Emei Martial Arts. Besides the eight famous Quan, there are another 32 categories and several rare Quan skills, including Cripple Quan , Crab Quan, Ox Horn Quan, Emei Chasing Soul Quan, and Qi Bu Yun Tui Quan (Seven Paces Clouds Legs Fist).

General Study on Martial Arts also summarizes Emei Eighteen Quan: Fire Dragon Quan , Emei Yu’s Quan, Emei Luohan (Arhat) Quan, Emei Swords, Emei Liu He Quan, Green Forest Hand-to-Hand, Tiger Claw Quan, Seven Paces Clouds Legs Quan, Emei Snake Quan, Emei Monkey Quan, Emei Shaolin Quan, Emei Lying Quan, Wire Wrapping Quan, Eagle and Crane Quan, Exercise Quan, Goshawk Quan, White Eyebrows Quan, and Xia Quan.

Basic skills of Emei Martial Arts could be classified into four categories: Muscle and Bone Skill,; Internal Cultivation Skill, Hard Skill, and Qinggong (Light Skill).

Principles of the skills: regulation of Yin and Yang；integration of Neigong and skills；variation in accordance with individuals; both internal and external cultivation; practice for real use; maximization of strengths whilst minimization of weaknesses; progression step by step; persistence and diligence; combination of relaxation and intensification; and combination of body and soul.